Uterine fibroids, also known as myomas, are growths of muscle cells and other tissues that occur within the walls of the uterus. Fibroids affect nearly 30% of all women. In most cases, these “tumors” are completely benign, cause no symptoms, and do not require treatment. They may need to be removed, however, if they grow rapidly, cause abnormal bleeding or problems with fertility, or if they grow so large they put pressure on other internal organs, such as the bladder.

Fibroids can develop as a single growth or in clusters, and they vary widely in size. They are categorized by their location: underneath the uterine lining, between the muscles of the uterus, or outside of the uterus. The exact cause of fibroids is unknown.

Fibroids are often diagnosed during routine pelvic exams. If a gynecologist feels fibroids during the exam, he or she can follow up with diagnostic imaging, such as an ultrasound or an X-ray, to determine the size and location of the fibroids.

Because many women with fibroids never experience any painful symptoms and the tumors usually shrink after menopause, doctors often recommend foregoing treatment altogether. In these cases, however, your doctor will want to monitor them regularly to see if they grow. If the fibroids are causing discomfort, if you are hoping to get pregnant, or if your doctor is concerned about the size or location of the fibroids, he or she may recommend treating them with medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs, painkillers, and hormone therapy. Your doctor might also suggest removing the fibroids surgically. It is always helpful to stay active while going through any health issue.